Seder Olama timeline of Jewish history

The Covenant Between the Parts

God makes a covenant with Abraham, promising offspring and the Land, and foretelling four hundred years of exile.

Abram is seventy. God brings him outside and says: "Look at the heavens and count the stars… so shall your seed be." The Torah adds the line that becomes the foundation of Jewish faith: "And he believed in the Lord, and He counted it to him for righteousness." Then comes the covenant itself. Abram takes a heifer, a goat, a ram, a turtledove and a young pigeon, cuts the animals in half and lays the parts opposite each other; birds of prey descend and he drives them off. At sunset "a dread, a great darkness" falls on him, and he hears sentence and promise together: "Know surely that your seed shall be a stranger in a land not theirs, and they shall afflict them four hundred years… and in the fourth generation they shall return here." A smoking furnace and a flaming torch pass between the pieces. From this covenant to the Exodus of 2448 are exactly 430 years, and here the borders of the Land are first drawn, from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates.

📜Sources

Genesis 15 in full. The 430 years from the covenant to the Exodus are in Exodus 12:40–41 as explained by Rashi; the 400 years are counted from Isaac's birth. See Seder Olam Rabbah 1 and 3.

👤People and places

Terah · Abraham · Sefer Yetzirah · Exile and redemption

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