Seder Olama timeline of Jewish history

The Ten Plagues of Egypt

Pharaoh's refusal to let the people go is met with ten blows, from the Nile turning to blood to the death of the firstborn on the night of the fifteenth of Nisan.

Moses and Aaron come to Pharaoh with a demand: let My people go. Pharaoh answers with a question that has echoed ever since — who is the Lord that I should heed His voice? — and doubles the work quota. What follows is a year that split Egypt's history in two. Blood, frogs, lice, wild beasts, cattle plague, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and the death of the firstborn: ten blows, each striking an Egyptian god or a pillar of Egyptian power. The Nile that fed the country and was worshipped as a deity turned foul. The sacred herds died. The darkness that cancelled the sun cult was palpable — for three days no man saw his brother or rose from his place. Between the blows there were pauses, and each time Pharaoh was given a chance to relent. He agreed several times and each time took his word back. The last blow fell at midnight on the fifteenth of Nisan, and Egypt itself thrust Israel out.

📜Sources

Exodus 5-12 covers the whole cycle from the first audience with Pharaoh to the death of the firstborn. The twelve-month span is stated in Mishnah Eduyot 2:10, which says the judgement of the Egyptians lasted twelve months.

👤People and places

Moses · Aaron · Egypt (Goshen) · Exodus · Pesach

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